What is Menopause?

Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It is officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55, though it can vary.

Menopause is a natural phase of life that brings physical and emotional changes. While symptoms can be challenging, various treatment options and lifestyle choices can help women navigate this transition more comfortably. Consulting Dr Samina Javaid can ensure personalised care and management strategies.

Stages of Menopause:

1. Perimenopause: The transitional phase leading up to menopause, where hormone levels fluctuate, and menstrual cycles become irregular. Symptoms may begin during this stage.

2. Menopause: The point at which a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months. Ovarian hormone production significantly decreases.

3. Postmenopause: The years following menopause, when symptoms may persist but often stabilise as the body adjusts to lower hormone levels.

Common Symptoms:

• Irregular periods leading to cessation of menstruation

• Hot flashes and night sweats

• Mood changes, anxiety, or depression

• Sleep disturbances (insomnia)

• Vaginal dryness and discomfort

• Decreased libido

• Weight gain and slowed metabolism

• Thinning hair and dry skin

• Joint pain and stiffness

Causes and Hormonal Changes:

Menopause occurs as the ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone, two key reproductive hormones. The decline in these hormones affects various body systems, leading to the symptoms associated with menopause.

Health Considerations:

• Bone Health: Reduced estrogen levels can lead to decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

• Heart Health: The decline in estrogen may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

• Metabolic Changes: Some women experience weight gain and changes in fat distribution.

Management and Treatment Options:

• Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management, and good sleep hygiene can help manage symptoms.

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Can be used to relieve symptoms, though risks and benefits should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

• Non-Hormonal Treatments: Medications, supplements, and alternative therapies such as acupuncture or herbal remedies may help alleviate symptoms.

• Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: Can help with dryness and discomfort.

• Mental and Emotional Wellbeing: Therapy, support groups, and mindfulness practices may assist in coping with mood changes.

For more information, please visit the Knowledge Base and the Free Advice and Health Tips pages on our website.